At Carolyn L. Oliver | Criminal Defense Law Firm, we regularly represent clients facing criminal charges throughout San Diego and Chula Vista. A foundational element of nearly every criminal case we handle is the California Penal Code—a detailed body of law that defines crimes, outlines legal procedures, and prescribes punishments.
If you’ve been arrested or charged with a crime in California, having a basic understanding of the Penal Code can help you better navigate the legal process. Below is a straightforward guide to help you understand how the Penal Code works and what it covers.
What is the California Penal Code?
The California Penal Code is the central legal framework for defining most criminal offenses and their penalties within the state. It’s divided into six key parts:
- Part 1: Crimes and Punishments
- Part 2: Criminal Procedure
- Part 3: State Prisons and County Jails
- Part 4: Prevention of Crimes and Apprehension of Criminals
- Part 5: Peace Officers’ Memorial
- Part 6: Control of Deadly Weapons
Most criminal offenses are found in Part 1, while the remaining parts focus on procedures, incarceration, law enforcement, and weapons regulations.
Commonly Charged Crimes Under the California Penal Code
Our firm has handled a wide range of criminal cases. Some of the most common Penal Code violations seen in San Diego and Chula Vista include:
- PC 187 – Murder
- PC 459 – Burglary
- PC 487 – Grand Theft
- PC 211 – Robbery
- PC 215 – Carjacking
- PC 207 – Kidnapping
- PC 261 – Rape
- PC 243(e)(1) – Domestic Battery
- PC 273.5 – Corporal Injury on a Spouse or Cohabitant
- PC 368 – Elder Abuse
- PC 288 – Lewd Acts with a Child
- PC 29800 – Felon in Possession of a Firearm
- PC 647(b) – Solicitation of Prostitution
- PC 245(a)(1) – Assault with a Deadly Weapon
- PC 422 – Criminal Threats
- PC 451 – Arson
- PC 518 – Extortion
- PC 470 – Forgery
- PC 476a – Check Fraud
- PC 550(a) – Insurance Fraud
Beyond these, the Penal Code also addresses various misdemeanors and infractions such as trespassing, disturbing the peace, and petty theft.
Penalties for Violating California Penal Code Offenses
The punishment for a Penal Code violation depends on several factors, including the nature of the crime, your criminal history, and the presence of any aggravating or mitigating circumstances.
Felonies
Felonies are the most serious offenses. Convictions often result in state prison sentences and substantial fines. For instance, first-degree murder may lead to 25 years to life in prison, while rape can carry up to 8 years—or more if the victim is a minor.
Misdemeanors
These are less severe than felonies, usually punished by up to 1 year in county jail and/or fines up to $1,000. An example would be simple assault, which may result in 6 months in jail.
“Wobblers”
Some offenses can be charged as either misdemeanors or felonies. These are known as “wobblers,” and how they’re charged often depends on the specifics of the case and your criminal background. Examples include domestic violence, theft, and certain assault charges.
Infractions
Infractions are minor offenses that typically result in fines rather than jail time. Common infractions include disturbing the peace or speeding.
Legal Defenses to California Penal Code Charges
Just because you’ve been accused doesn’t mean you’re guilty. You are entitled to due process, legal representation, and a strong defense. Some common defenses include:
- Lack of intent or accident
- Mistaken identity
- False accusations
- Illegal search and seizure
- Police misconduct
- Self-defense or defense of others
- Alibi
- Entrapment
- Insufficient evidence
- Statute of limitations
- Coerced confession
- Factual innocence
At Carolyn L. Oliver | Criminal Defense Law Firm, we will analyze your case from every angle to develop a personalized and strategic defense plan.
Why Choose Carolyn L. Oliver to Defend You?
With extensive experience handling California Penal Code violations, our legal team understands how to navigate complex criminal cases. Here’s why clients trust our firm:
- Dedicated Criminal Defense Practice: We focus exclusively on defending individuals accused of crimes in California.
- Personalized Strategy: Every case is different, and we tailor our approach to meet your needs.
- Local Knowledge: With deep roots in San Diego and Chula Vista, we understand how local courts and prosecutors operate.
- Aggressive Advocacy: Whether negotiating plea deals or fighting at trial, we are fierce advocates for your rights.
Arrested or Charged? Get the Legal Help You Deserve.
If you or a loved one has been charged with a violation of the California Penal Code, don’t face the system alone. The sooner you contact a criminal defense lawyer, the better your chances of protecting your rights and your future.
Reach out to Carolyn L. Oliver | Criminal Defense Law Firm today for a confidential consultation. Let us put our experience and dedication to work for you.
